Selected Bibliography

Corrections Settings including these tests:

Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI^®)
Millon™ Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI™/MCMI-II™/MCMI-III™)
Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI™)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory^®: (MMPI®-2 / MMPI® / MMPI-A™)
Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R^®)
Sixteen Personality Factor™ (16PF^®)

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory®-2 (MMPI®-2) Test

Boscan, D.C., Penn, N.E., Velasquez, R.J., Savino, A.V., Maness, P., Guzman, M. & Reimann, J. (2002). MMPI-2 performance of Mexican male university students and prison inmates. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(4), 465–470.

Duncan, R.D., Kennedy, W.A. & Patrick, C.J. (1995). Four-factor model of recidivism in male juvenile offenders. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 24(3), 250–257.

Forbey, J.D. & Ben-Porath, Y.S. (2002). Use of the MMPI-2 in the treatment of offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 46(3), 308–318.

Gallagher, R.W. (1998). Detection of malingering at the time of intake in a correctional institution with the MMPI-2 validity scales. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 58(11), 6233.

Gallagher, R.W., Ben-Porath, Y.S. & Briggs, S. (1997). Inmate views about the purpose and use of the MMPI-2 at the time of correctional intake. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 24(3), 360–369.

Grossman, L.S., Wasyliw, O.E., Benn, A.F. & Gyoerkoe, K.L. (2002). Can sex offenders who minimize on the MMPI conceal psychopathology on the Rorschach? Journal of Personality Assessment, 78(3), 484–501.

Iverson, G.L., Franzen, M.D. & Hammond, J.A. (1995). Examination of inmates' ability to malinger on the MMPI-2. Psychological Assessment, 7(1), 118–121.

Johnston, B.A. (1999). Determining cutoff scores for the MMPI-2 substance abuse scales for an inmate population. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 60(3), 1346.

Kurtz, R.A. (1993). The vulnerability of the MMPI-2, M Test, and SIRS to two strategies of malingering psychosis in a forensic setting. Dissertation Abstracts International, 54(1), 129.

Leavenworth, S.G. (1999). Dissimulation and psychopathy in an inmate population. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 59(7), 3700.

Lewis, J.L., Simcox, A.M. & Berry, D. (2002). Screening for feigned psychiatric symptoms in a forensic sample by using the MMPI-2 and the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology. Psychological Assessment, 14(2), 170–176.

Macintosh, S.J. (1999). Does the boot fit? An examination of psychological profiles of inmate participants at the Montana State Swan River Correctional Training Center. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 59(8), 4524.

Mann, B.J. (1995). The North Carolina Dissociation Index: A measure of dissociation using items from the MMPI-2. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64(2), 349–359.

McKee, G.R., Shea, S.J., Mogy, R.B. & Holden, C.E. (2001). MMPI-2 profiles of filicidal, mariticidal, and homicidal women. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(3), 367–374.

Megargee, E.I. (1994). Using the Megargee MMPI-based classification system with MMPI-2s of male prison inmates. Psychological Assessment, 6(4), 337–344.

Megargee, E.I. (1997). Using the Megargee MMPI-based classification system with the MMPI-2s of female prison inmates. Psychological Assessment, 9(2), 75–82.

Megargee, E.I., Mercer, S.J. & Carbonell, J.L. (1999). MMPI-2 with male and female state and federal prison inmates. Psychological Assessment, 11(2), 177–185.

Nesca, M. (1998). A personality profile comparison of intimate- and stranger-violent convicts. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 16(1), 59–85.

Nieberding, R.J., Moore, J.T. & Dematatis, A.P. (2002). Psychological assessment of forensic psychiatric outpatients. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 46(3), 350–363.

O'Maille, P.S. & Fine, M.A. (1995). Personality disorder scales for the MMPI-2: An assessment of psychometric properties in a correctional population. Journal of Personality Disorders, 9(3), 235–246.

Osberg, T.M. & Poland, D.L. (2001). Validity of the MMPI-2 basic and Harris-Lingoes subscales in a forensic sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(12), 1369–1380.

Osberg, T.M. (1999). Comparative validity of the MMPI-2 Wiener-Harmon subtle-obvious scales in male prison inmates. Journal of Personality Assessment, 72(1), 36–48.

Pollock, P.H. (1996). A cautionary note on the determination of malingering in offenders. Psychology, Crime & Law, 3(2), 97–110.

Shea, S.J. & McKee, G.R. (1996). MMPI-2 profiles of men charged with murder or other offenses. Psychological Reports, 78(3), 1039–1042.

Shea, S.J., McKee, G.R., Craig Shea, M.E. & Culley, D.C. (1996). MMPI-2 profiles of male pre-trial defendants. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 14(3), 331–338.

Sliger, G.L. (1998). The applicability of the Megargee MMPI-based offender classification system to the MMPI-2s of women inmates. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 58(12), 6827.

Valliant, P.M., Gauthier, T., Pottier, D. & Kosmyna, R. (2000). Moral reasoning, interpersonal skills, and cognition of rapists, child molesters, and incest offenders. Psychological Reports, 86(1), 67–75.

Vaughan, A.E. (1995). Detecting malingering among federal inmates using the MMPI-2. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 56(5), 2936.

Verona, E. & Carbonell, J.L. (2000). Female violence and personality: Evidence for a pattern of overcontrolled hostility among one-time violent female offenders. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 27(2), 176–195.

Weiss, J.M. (2000). Idiographic use of the MMPI-2 in the assessment of dangerousness among incarcerated felons. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 44(1), 70–83.

Wright, P., Nussbaum, D., Lynett, E. & Buis, T. (1997). Forensic MMPI-2 profiles: Normative limitations impose interpretive restrictions with both males and females. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 15(4), 19–37.

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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory® (MMPI®)

Aluja Fabregat, A. & Perez Sanchez, J. (1994). The assessment of the antisocial personality disorder by means of the psychopathic deviate scale from the MMPI. Psiquis, 15(5), 41–52.

Aluja, A. & Torrubia, T. (1996). Psychological elements of antisocial personality in delinquent people: Sensation seeking and susceptibility to reward and punishment. Revista de Psiquiatria de la Facultad de Medicina de Barcelona, 23(2), 47.

Aluja, A. (1991). Psychometric and clinical evaluation of antisocial personality disorder. Revista de Psiquiatria de la Facultad de Medicina de Barcelona, 18(2), 59.

Anderson, L.E. & Walsh, J.A. (1998). Prediction of adult criminal status from juvenile psychological assessment. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 25(2), 226–239.

Anderson, W.P. & Holcomb, W.R. (1983). Accused murderers: Five MMPI personality types. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39(5), 761–768.

Baum, M.S., Hosford, R.E. & Moss, C.S. (1984). Predicting violent behavior within a medium security correctional setting. International Journal of Eclectic Psychotherapy, 3(1), 18–24.

Bayer, B.M., Bonta, J.L. & Motiuk, L.L. (1985). The PD subscales: an empirical evaluation. Journal of Clinical Psychology 41(6), 780–788.

Benda, B.B., Corwyn, R.F. & Toombs, N.J. (2001). From adolescent "serious offender" to adult felon: A predictive study of offense progression. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 32(3), 79–108.

Bernstein, I.H. & Garbin, C.P. (1985). A simple set of salient weights for the major dimensions of MMPI scale variation. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 45(4), 771–787.

Bernstein, I.H., Teng, G., Grannemann, B.D. & Garbin, C.P. (1987). Invariance in the MMPI's component structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51(4), 522–531.

Biro, M., Kapamadzija, B., Vuckovic, N. & Duric, V. (1989). Personality patterns as the basis for determining types of persons sentenced for homicide. Primijenjena Psihologija, 10(3), 199–206.

Bohn, M.J. & Traub, G.S. (1986). Alienation of monolingual Hispanics in a federal correctional institution. Psychological Reports, 59(2), 560–562.

Bohn, M.J., Carbonell, J.L. & Megargee, E.I. (1995). The applicability and utility of the MMPI-based offender classification system in a correctional mental health unit. Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 5(1), 14–33.

Boone, D. & Green, S.B. (1991). Predicting with the MMPI the adjustment of juvenile delinquents to institutionalization: does gender make a difference? Journal of Personality Assessment, 57(1), 61–76.

Brick, H., Doub, W.H., Jr. & Perdue, W.C. (1965). A comparison of the effects of amitriptyline and protriptyline on anxiety and depressive states in female prisoners. International Journal of Neuropsychiatry, 1(4), 325–336.

Briggs, P.F., Rouzer, D.L., Hamberg, R.L. & Holman, T.R. (1972). Seven scales for the Minnesota-Briggs History Record with reference group data. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(4), 431–448.

Brown, B.S. (1970). The impact of imprisonment on selected attitudes of recidivists and first offenders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26(4), 435–436.

Brown, H. & Gutsch, K.U. (1985). Cognitions associated with a delay of gratification task: A study with psychopaths and normal prisoners. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 12(4), 453–462.

Buikhuisen, W., Bontekoe, E.H., V.D. Plas-Korenhoff, C. & Van Buuren, S. (1984). Characteristics of criminals: The privileged offender. International Journal of Law & Psychiatry, 7(3–4), 301–313.

Cannici, J.P., Glick, S. & Garmon, S. (1989). Ego-strength changes associated with incarceration in males and females. Journal of Offender Counseling, Services & Rehabilitation, 14(1), 35.

Carbonell, J.L., Moorhead, K.M. & Megargee, E.I. (1984). Predicting prison adjustment with structured personality inventories. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 52(2), 280–294.

Carey, R.J., Garske, J.P. & Ginsberg, J. (1986). The prediction of adjustment to prison by means of an MMPI-based classification system. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 13(4), 347–365.

Carney, F.L. (1977). Outpatient treatment of the aggressive offender. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 31(2), 265–274.

Chick, G.E., Loy, J.W. & White, W.E. (1984). Differentiating violent and nonviolent opiate-addicted reformatory inmates with the MMPI. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40(2), 619–623.

Christensen, L. & Le Unes, A. (1974). Discriminating criminal types and recidivism by means of the MMPI. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30(2), 192–193.

Clements, C.B. (1996). Offender classification: Two decades of progress. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 23(1), 121–143.

Climent, C.E., Rollins, A., Ervin, F.R. & Plutchik, R. (1973). Epidemiological studies of women prisoners. I. Medical and psychiatric variables related to violent behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry, 130(9), 985–990.

Condy, S.R., Templer, D.I. Brown, R. & Veaco, L. (1987). Parameters of sexual contact of boys with women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16(5), 379–394.

Cubitt, G.H. & Gendreau, P. (1972). Assessing the diagnostic utility of MMPI and 16 PF indexes of homosexuality in a prison sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 39(2), 342.

Dahlstrom, W. & Panton, J.H. (1986). Utility of the Megargee-Bohn MMPI typological assignments: Study with a sample of death row inmates. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 13(1), 5–17.

De Souza, J.M. & Doyal, G.T. (1998). Differences between violent female and male offenders: An explanatory study. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 16(3), 67–87.

Derning, T.J. (1988). The effect of reading ability and ethnicity on MMPI scale scores for Blacks and Whites. Dissertation Abstracts International, 48(7), 2096.

Dicks, R.H. & McHenry, J.D. (1985). Predictors of outcomes in a performance ladder program. Journal of Offender Counseling, Services & Rehabilitation, 9(3), 70

Duncan, D.F. (1989). MMPI scores of tattooed and untattooed prisoners. Psychological Reports, 65(2), 685–686.

Duncan, S.A. & Ausborn, D.L. (2002). The use of reliable digits to detect malingering in a criminal forensic pretrial population. Assessment, 9(1), 56–61.

Edwall, G.E., Villanueva, M.R., Holigan, R.A., Buchanan, R.J., et al. (1989). Females incarcerated for assaultive crimes: Differential personality and demographic variables. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 7(4), 49–57.

Eronen, M., Tilhonen, J. & Hakola, P. (1996). Schizophrenia and homicidal behavior. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22(1), 83–90.

Evans, J.H., Fabry, J.J., Sternitzke, M.E., Bischoff, R.A. (1992). Validity of MMPI profiles with chemically dependent adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Chemical Dependency, 2(2), 9–22.

Evans, R.M. & Picano, J.J. (1984). Relationships between irrational beliefs and self-report indices of psychopathology. Psychological Reports, 55(2), 545–546.

Fang, M., Yang, X. & Ji, S. (2002). Personality of juvenile male offenders. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 16(2), 103–105, 115.

Ford, C.V. & Spaulding, R.C. (1973). The Pueblo incident. A comparison of factors related to coping with extreme stress. Archives of General Psychiatry, 29(3), 340–343.

Forgac, G.E., Cassel, C.A. & Michaels, E.J. (1984). Chronicity of criminal behavior and psychopathology in male exhibitionists. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40(3), 827–832.

Fraboni, M., Cooper, D., Reed, T. & Saltstone, R. (1990). Offense type and two-point MMPI code profiles: Discriminating between violent and nonviolent offenders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46(6), 774–777.

Fracchia, J., Sheppard, C. & Merlis, S. (1973). Some comments about the personality comparison of incarcerated and street heroin addicts. Psychological Reports, 33(2), 413–414.

Gallemore, J.L. & Panton, J.H. (1972). Inmate responses to lengthy death row confinement. American Journal of Psychiatry, 129(2), 167–172.

Geer, T.M., Becker, J.V., Gray, S.R. & Krauss, D. (2001). Predictors of treatment completion in a correctional sex offender treatment program. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 45(3), 302–313.

Gendreau, P. & Suboski, M.D. (1971). Intelligence and age in discrimination conditioning of the eyelid response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 89(2), 379–382.

Gerstein, L.H. & Briggs, J.R. (1993). Psychological and sociological discriminants of violent and nonviolent serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 14(1), 2–13.

Godfrey, E.A. & Schulman, R.E. (1972). Age and a group test battery as predictors of types of crime. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(3), 339–342.

Greene, A.F., Coles, C.J., & Johnson, E.H. (1994). Psychopathology and anger in interpersonal violence offenders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50(6), 906–912.

Grigoriadis, S. & Cynthia, A. (1992). Person reliability on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Personality & Individual Differences, 13(5), 491–500.

Guy, E., Platt, J.J., Zwerling, I. & Bullock, S. (1985). Mental health status of prisoners in an urban jail. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 12(1), 29–53.

Haapasalo, J. & Pulkkinen, L. (1992). The Psychopathy Checklist and non-violent offender groups. Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 2(4), 315–328.

Haapasalo, J. (1990). Sensation seeking and Eysenck's personality dimensions in an offender sample. Personality & Individual Differences, 11(1), 81–84.

Hare, R.D. (1985). Comparison of procedures for the assessment of psychopathy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 53(1), 7–16.

Harshaw, A.G. (1985). The realization of human potential through participation in est workshops: A comparative study with other self-help methods. Dissertation Abstracts International, 45(12), 3750.

Henderson, M. (1983). Self-reported assertion and aggression among violent offenders with high or low levels of overcontrolled hostility. Personality & Individual Differences, 4(1), 113–115.

Holcomb, W.R., Adams, N.A. & Ponder, H.M. (1984). Are separate Black and White MMPI norms needed? An IQ-controlled comparison of accused murderers. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40(1), 189–193.

Holcomb, W.R., Adams, N.A. & Ponder, H.M. (1985). The developmental and cross-validation of an MMPI typology of murderers. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(3), 240–244.

Holland, T.R., Levi, M. & Watson, C.G. (1980). Personality patterns among hospitalized vs. incarcerated psychopaths. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36(3), 826–832.

Hollander, H.E. & Turner, F.D. (1985). Characteristics of incarcerated delinquents: Relationship between development disorders, environmental and family factors, and patterns of offense and recidivism. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24(2), 221–226.

Howard, R.C. (1984). The clinical EEG and personality in mentally abnormal offenders. Psychological Medicine, 14(3), 569–580.

Howard, R.C., Bailey, R. & Newman, A. (1984). A preliminary study of Hare's "Research Scale for the Assessment of Psychopathy" in mentally-abnormal offenders. Personality & Individual Differences, 5(4), 389–396.

Ingram, J.C. (1985). Recidivism, perceived problem-solving abilities, MMPI characteristics, and violence: A study of Black and White incarcerated male adult offenders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41(3), 425–432.

Jemelka, R.P., Wiegand, G.A., Walker, E.A. & Trupin, E.W. (1992). Computerized offender assessment: Validation study. Psychological Assessment, 4(2), 138–144.

Jones, T., Beidleman, W.B. & Fowler, R.D. (1981). Differentiating violent and nonviolent prison inmates by use of selected MMPI scales. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 37(3), 673–678.

Kahn, M.W. & Stephen, L.S. (1981). Counselor training as a treatment method for alcohol and drug abuse. The International Journal of the Addictions, 16(8), 1415–1424.

Kellner, R. (1967). The evidence in favour of psychotherapy. The British Journal of Medical Psychology, 40(4), 341–358.

Kemph, J.P., Braley, R.O. & Ciotola, P.V. (1998). A comparison of youthful inmates who have committed violent versus nonviolent crimes. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, 26(1), 67–74.

Kennedy, T.D. (1986). Trends in inmate classification: A status report of two computerized psychometric approaches. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 13(2), 165–184.

Kidd, R., Hammond, S. & Bishopp, D. (1998). A cumulative model of schizotypy in an offender patient population. Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 8, 27–40.

Kilpatrick, D.G., Cauthen, N.R. & Roitzsch, J.C. (1971). Psychopathy, repression-sensitization, and anxiety. Psychological Reports, 28(2), 615–618.

Klonoff, H., Clark, C., Horgan, J., Kramer, P. & McDougall, G. (1976). The MMPI profile of prisoners of war. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32(3), 623–627.

Kodman, F. (1984). Identifying the CBK Personality. Social Behavior & Personality, 12(2), 139–142.

Krauss, H.H., Robinson, I., Janzen, W. & Cauthen, N. (1972). Predictions of ethical risk taking by psychopathic and non-psychopathic criminals. Psychological Reports, 30(1), 83–88.

Kurtzberg, R.L., Lewin, M.L., Cavior, N. & Lipton, D.S. (1967). Psychologic screening of inmates requesting cosmetic operations: a preliminary report. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 39(4), 387–396.

Lanyon, R.I. & Lutz, R.W. (1984). MMPI discrimination of defensive and nondefensive felony sex offenders. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 52(5), 841–843.

Li, C., Li, B., Sun, Y., Wang, M., et al. (1993). Biopsychological, psychosocial characteristics, and family background of girl offenders in a special reform school. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 7(3), 111–114.

Lindner, L.A., Goldman, H., Dinitz, S. & Allen, H.E. (1970). Antisocial personality type with cardiac lability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 23(3), 260–267.

Lucas, B.A. & Newmark, C.S. (1993). MMPI scale 9 changes in incarcerated felons. Psychological Reports, 72(1), 28–30.

Mabli, J. (1985). Prerelease stress in prison inmates. Journal of Offender Counseling, Services & Rehabilitation, 9(3), 56.

McGuire, J.S. & Megargee, E.I. (1974). Personality correlates of marijuana use among youthful offenders. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 42(1), 124–133.

Megargee, E.I. & Carbonell, J.L. (1991). Personality factors associated with frequent sick call utilization in a federal correctional institution. Journal of Prison & Jail Health, 10(1), 19–42.

Megargee, E.I. & Carbonell, J.L. (1985). Predicting prison adjustment with MMPI correctional scales. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53(6), 874–883.

Megargee, E.I. (1984). A new classification system for criminal offenders: VI. Differences among the types on the Adjective Checklist. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 11(3), 349–376.

Megargee, E.I. (1986). A psychometric study of incarcerated presidential threateners. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 13(3), 243–260.

Miller, A.R., Stewart, R.A., Steele, R.E., Watson, R.A., Newhauser, D. & Kiker, V. (1971). Psychopathology and perception of physiques. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 32(2), 475–478.

Minor, K.I., Karr, S.K. & Jain, S.K. (1987). An examination of the utility of the MMPI in predicting male prison inmates' abusive parenting attitudes. Psychological Record, 37(3), 429–436.

Moore, R.H. (1985). Construct validity of the MacAndrew Scale: Secondary psychopathic and dysthymic-neurotic character orientations among adolescent male misdemeanor offenders. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 46(2), 128–131.

Moss, C. & Johnson, M.E. (1984). An assessment of the Megargee Typology in lifelong criminal violence. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 11(2), 225–234.

Moss, C.S., Hosford, R.E., Anderson, W.R. & Petracca, M. (1977). Personality variables of blacks participating in a prison riot. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45(4), 505–512.

Nussbaum, D., Choudhry, R. & Martin-Doto, C. (1996). Cognitive impulsivity, verbal intelligence and locus of control in violent and nonviolent mentally disordered offenders. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 14(1), 5–30.

Oliver, W.A. & Mosher, D.L. (1968). Psychopathology and guilt in heterosexual and subgroups of homosexual reformatory inmates. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 73(4), 323–329.

O'Sullivan, M.J. & Jemelka, R.P. (1993). The 3-4/4-3 MMPI code type in an offender population: An update on levels of hostility and violence. Psychological Assessment, 5(4), 493–498.

Owens, R.G. & Harms, L.O. (1993). Differential responses of female forgers to MMPI items. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 19(3–4), 165–171.

Persons, R.W. & Marks, P.A. (1970). Self-disclosure with recidivists: optimum interviewer-interviewee matching. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 76(3), 387–391.

Persons, R.W. (1970). The Mosher Guilt Scale: theoretical formulation, research review and normative data. Journal of Projective Techniques & Personality Assessment, 34(4), 266–270.

Peters, R.H., Kearns, W.D., Murrin, M.R. & Dolente, A.S. (1992). Psychopathology and mental health needs among drug-involved inmates. Journal of Prison & Jail Health, 11(1), 3–25.

Philip, A.E. (1969). The development and use of the hostility and direction of hostility questionnaire. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 13(3), 283–287.

Platt, J.J. & Scura, W.C. (1972). Validity of the Mini-Mult with male reformatory inmates. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(4), 528–529.

Posey, C. & Hess, A.K. (1985). Aggressive response sets and subtle-obvious MMPI scale distinctions in male offenders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(3), 235–239.

Quinsey, V.L. (1979). Assessments of the dangerousness of mental patients held in maximum security. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 2(3), 389–406.

Roth, L.H., Rosenberg, N. & Levinson, R.B. (1971). Prison adjustment of alcoholic felons. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 32(2), 382–392.

Saltstone, R. & Poudrier, L.M. (1989). Suggested treatment interventions for impaired driving offenders based upon research with impaired driver subtypes. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 6(3–4), 129–141.

Saltstone, R. (1989). Distinguishing driving while impaired (DWI) offenders from among alcoholics, criminals, and drunk drivers: A preliminary study. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 16(2), 211–222.

Sanchez Martin, M. (1991). Psychopathology and delinquency: A sample of a prison population at the Penitentiary Center of Salamanca. Psiquis, 12(4), 46–55.

Schmalz, B.J. & Thomas, A. (1989). Distinguishing forensic, psychiatric and inmate groups with the MMPI. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 7(4), 37–47.

Schmalz, B.J. (1986). Personality characteristics of forensic patients, incarcerated offenders, and nonoffending psychiatric patients. Dissertation Abstracts International, 47(5), 2185.

Schretlen, D. & Arkowitz, H. (1990). A psychological test battery to detect prison inmates who fake insanity or mental retardation. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 8(1), 75–84.

Schretlen, D., Wilkins, S.S., Van Gorp, W.G. & Bobholz, J.H. (1992). Cross-validation of a psychological test battery to detect faked insanity. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 77–83.

Shea, S.J. (1993). Personality characteristics of self-mutilating male prisoners. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(4), 576–585.

Smith, L.B., Silber, D.E. & Karp, S.A. (1988). Validity of the Megargee-Bohn MMPI typology with women incarcerated in a state prison. Psychological Reports, 62(1), 107–113.

Snortum, J.R. & Loewe, A.P. (1971). The relationship of PD and MAS scores to approach-avoidance behavior under immediate versus delayed punishment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27(3), 321–324.

Sutker, P.B. & Allain, A.N. (1973). Incarcerated and street heroin addicts: a personality comparison. Psychological Reports, 32(1), 243–246.

Sutker, P.B. & Moan, C.E. (1973). A psychosocial description of penitentiary inmates. Archives of General Psychiatry, 29(5), 663–667.

Sutker, P.B., Moan, C.E. & Swanson, W.C. (1972). Porteus Maze Test qualitative performance in pure sociopaths, prison normals and antisocial psychotics. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(3), 349–353.

Templer, D.I. (1978). Psychometric assessment of alcoholism in convicted felons. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 39(11), 1948–1951.

Templer, D.I. (1979). The death anxiety of convicted felons. Corrective & Social Psychiatry & Journal of Behavior Technology, Methods & Therapy, 25(1), 18–20.

Templer, D.I., Kaiser, G. & Siscoe, K. (1993). Correlates of pathological gambling propensity in prison inmates. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 34 (5), 347

Traub, G.S. & Bohn, M.J. (1985). Note on the reliability of the MMPI with Spanish-speaking inmates in the federal prison system. Psychological Reports, 56(2), 373–374.

Truscott, D. (1993). Adolescent offenders: Comparison for sexual, violent, and property offences. Psychological Reports, 73(2), 657–658.

Twomey, J.F. & Hendry, C.H. (1969). MMPI characteristics of difficult-to-manage federal penitentiary offenders. Psychological Reports, 24(2), 546.

Valliant, P.M., Asu, M.E. & Howitt, R. (1983). Cognitive styles of Caucasian and Native Indian juvenile offenders. Psychological Reports, 52(1), 87–92.

Valliant, P.M., Asu, M.E., Cooper, D. & Mammola, D. (1984). Profile of dangerous and non-dangerous offenders referred for pre-trial psychiatric assessment. Psychological Reports, 54(2), 411–418.

Valliant, P.M., Gristey, C., Pottier, D. & Kosmyna, R. (1999). Risk factors in violent and nonviolent offenders. Psychological Reports, 85(2), 675–680.

Valliant, P.M., Jensen, B. & Raven-Brook, L. (1995). Brief cognitive behavioural therapy with male adolescent offenders in open custody or on probation: An evaluation of management of anger. Psychological Reports, 76(3), 1056–1058.

Van Voorhis, P. (1988). A cross classification of five offender typologies: Issues of construct and predictive validity. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 15(1), 109–124.

Virkkunen, M. (1984). Reactive hypoglycemic tendency among arsonists. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 69(5), 445–452.

Walters, G.D. (1986). Correlates of the Megargee criminal classification system: A military correctional setting. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 13(1), 19–32.

Walters, G.D. (1986). Screening for psychopathology in groups of Black and White prison inmates by means of the MMPI. Journal of Personality Assessment, 50(2), 257–264.

Walters, G.D. (1987). Child sex offenders and rapists in a military prison setting. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 31(3), 261–269.

Walters, G.D. (1987). Correlates of institutional adjustment in two groups of emotionally disturbed offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 31(2), 137–141.

Walters, G.D. (1988). Assessing dissimulation and denial on the MMPI in a sample of maximum security, male inmates. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(3), 465–474.

Walters, G.D., Mann, M.F., Miller, M.P., Hemphill, L.L., et al. (1988). Emotional disorder among offenders: Inter- and intrasetting comparisons. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 15(4), 433–453.

Walters, G.D., Scrapansky, T.A. & Marrlow, G.A. (1986). The emotionally disturbed military criminal offender: Identification, background, and institutional adjustment. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 13(3), 261–285.

Walters, G.D., White, T.W. & Greene, R.L. (1988). Use of the MMPI to identify malingering and exaggeration of psychiatric symptomatology in male prison inmates. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 56(1), 111–117.

Watman, W.A. (1966). The relationship between acting out behavior and some psychological test indices in a prison population. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22(3), 279–280.

Weissman, L., Moore, J.D., Thomas, G.B. & Whitman, E.N. (1972). Personality factors in prison volunteers related to response in clinical drug trials. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and New Drugs, 12(1), 5–10.

Westendorp, F., Brink, K.L., Roberson, M.K. & Ortiz, I.E. (1986). Variables which differentiate placement of adolescents into juvenile justice or mental health systems. Adolescence, 21(81), 23–37.

White, R.B. (1979). Relationship of scores on the Escapism Scale of the MMPI to escape from minimum security federal custody. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(2), 467–470.

White, R.B. (1980). Prediction of adjustment to prison in a federal correctional population. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36(4), 1031–1034.

White, R.B. (1981). Validity of the MMPI Prison Maladjustment scale in identifying disciplinary transfers among federally incarcerated male offenders. Psychological Reports, 49(1), 32–34.

Wilson, G.P. (1984). An analysis of the relationship of MMPI and demographic factors for escapees in a minimum security environment. Dissertation Abstracts International, 44(11), 3503.

Workowski, E.J. (1999). Previously unscored pre-service MMPI data in relation to police performance over a decade: A multivariate inquiry. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 29(3–4), 71–94.

Wrobel, N.H. & William, B. (1988). Application of the Megargee MMPI typology to a forensic psychiatric population. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 15(2), 247–254.

Zarrella, K.L., Schuerger, J.M. & Ritz, G.H. (1990). Estimation of MCMI DSM-III Axis II constructs from MMPI scales and subscales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(1–2), 195.

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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent™ (MMPI-A™)

Capasso, R.J. (1995). Identifying delinquency proneness in adolescents using the MMPI-A. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 55(10), 4601.

Cashel, M.L., Ovaert, L. & Holliman, N. (2000). Evaluating PTSD in incarcerated male juveniles with the MMPI-A: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(12), 1549

Cashel, M.L., Rogers, R., Sewell, K.W. & Holliman, N.B. (1998). Preliminary validation of the MMPI-A for a male delinquent sample: an investigation of clinical correlates and discriminant validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 71(1), 49–69.

Glaser, B.A., Calhoun, G.B. & Petrocelli, J.V. (2002). Personality characteristics of male juvenile offenders by adjudicated offenses as indicated by the MMPI-A. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 29(2), 183–201.

Gomez, F.C., Jr., Johnson, R., Davis, Q. & Velasquez, R.J. (2000). MMPI-A performance of African and Mexican American adolescent first-time offenders. Psychological Reports, 87(1), 309–314.

Gumbiner, J., Arriaga, T. & Stevens, A. (1999). Comparison of MMPI-A, Marks and Briggs, and MMPI-2 norms for juvenile delinquents. Psychological Reports, 84(3), 761–766.

Henry, L.E. (1998). Psychological/family environmental/contextual factors and perceptions of male juvenile offenders and non-offenders. Dissertation Abstracts International, 58(12), 4554

Hicks, M.M., Rogers, R. & Cashel, M. (2000). Predictions of violent and total infractions among institutionalized male juvenile offenders. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, 28(2), 183–190.

Hume, M.P., Kennedy, W., Patrick, C.J. & Partyka, D.J. (1996). Examination of the MMPI-A for the assessment of psychopathy in incarcerated adolescent male offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 40(3), 224–233.

Katz, R.C. & Marquette, J. (1996). Psychosocial characteristics of young violent offenders: A comparative study. Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 6(4), 339–348.

Kolocek, A.K. (1994). MMPI-A code types of adolescent males diagnosed with conduct disorder. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 55(2), 578.

Losada-Paisey, G. (1998). Use of the MMPI-A to assess personality of juvenile male delinquents who are sex offenders and nonsex offenders. Psychological Reports, 83(1), 115–122.

Mcentee, B.K. (1999). MMPI-A Personality Psychopathology Five. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 60(2), 0837.

Mckinney, R.N. (1999). Classification of juvenile delinquents: Cluster analysis using socioemotional, psychoeducational, and neuropsychological variables. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 60(3), 1308.

Melonas, I.A. (1998). A comparison of psychopathology in male adolescent child molesters and other male adolescent sex offenders. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 58(9), 5130.

Pena, L.M., Megargee, E.I. & Brody, E. (1996). MMPI-A patterns of male juvenile delinquents. Psychological Assessment, 8 (4), 388–397.

Pirrello, V.E. (1999). An empirically derived classification system for adolescent sex offenders. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 60(3), 1311.

Rogers, R., Hinds, J.D. & Sewell, K.W. (1996). Feigning psychopathology among adolescent offenders: validation of the SIRS, MMPI-A, and SIMS. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67(2), 244–257.

Stein, L., A & Graham, J.R. (1999). Detecting fake-good MMPI-A profiles in a correctional facility. Psychological Assessment, 11(3), 386–395.

Toyer, E.A. & Weed, N.C. (1998). Concurrent validity of the MMPI-A in a counseling program for juvenile offenders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(4), 395–399.

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Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-I/MCMI-II/MCMI-III)

Revised June 2005

Ahrens, J.A., Evans, R.G. & Barnett, R.W. (1990). Factors related to dropping out of school in an incarcerated population. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 50(3), 611–617.

Ahlmeyer, S., Kleinsasser, D., Stoner, J. & Retzlaff, P. (2003). Psychopathology of incarcerated sex offenders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17 (4), 306–318.

Blackburn, R. (1996). Replicated personality disorder clusters among mentally disordered offenders and their relation to dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality Disorders, 10 (1), 68–81.

Blackburn, R., Donnelly, J.P., Logan, C. & Renwick, S.J. (2004). Convergent and discriminative validity of interview and questionnaire measures of personality disorder in mentally disordered offenders: A multitrait-multimethod analysis using confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18 (2), 129–150.

Carpenter, D.R., Peed, S.F. & Eastman, B. (1995). Personality characteristics of adolescent sexual offenders: A pilot study. Sexual Abuse: Journal of Research & Treatment, 7 (3), 195–203.

Chantry, K. & Craig, R.J. (1994). MCMI typologies of criminal sexual offenders. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 1 (3), 215–226.

Chantry, K. & Craig, R.J. (1994). Psychological screening of sexually violent offenders with the MCMI. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50 (3), 430–435.

Dutton, D.G. (1999). Modus operandi and personality disorder in incarcerated spousal killers. International Journal of Law & Psychiatry, 22 (3–4), 287–299.

Falkenhain, M.A., Duckro, P., Hughes, H.M., Rossetti, S. & Gfeller, J.D. (1999). Cluster analysis of child sexual offenders: A validation with Roman Catholic priests and brothers. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 6 (4), 317–336.

Glass, M.H., Bieber, S.L. & Tkachuk, M.J. (1996). Personality styles and dynamics of Alaska Native and nonnative incarcerated men. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66 (3), 583–603.

Gorsuch, N. (1999). Disturbed female offenders: Helping the 'untreatable'. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 10 (1), 98–118.

Hiller, M.L. (1996). An assessment of comorbid psychological problems in a residential criminal justice drug treatment program. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 10 (3), 181–189.

Holt, S.E., Meloy, J.R. & Strack, S. (1999). Sadism and psychopathy in violent and sexually violent offenders. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27 (1), 23–32.

Jones, J., Thomas-Peter, B., Warren, S. & Leadbeater, C. (1998). An investigation of the personality characteristics of mentally disordered offenders detained under the Mental Health Act. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 9 (1), 58–73.

Justes, S.M., Cuello, J.D., Manso, J.A., Ortega-Monasterio, L., Fuentes, A.C., Molas, J.V. & Teruel, L.M. (2004). Perfiles psicométricos fingidos en relación con estilos de personalidad en reclusos. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 32 (5), 264–268.

Kelln, B., Dozois, D. & McKenzie, I.E. (1998). An MCMI-III discriminant function analysis of incarcerated felons: Prediction of subsequent institutional misconduct. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 25 (2), 177–189.

Loza, W. & Simourd, D.J. (1994). Psychometric evaluation of the Level of Supervision Inventory (LSI) among male Canadian federal offenders. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 21 (4), 468–480.

McCormack, J.K., Barnett, R.W. & Wallbrown, F.H. (1989). Factor structure of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) with an offender sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53 (3), 442–448.

McNiel, K. & Meyer, R.G. (1990). Detection of deception on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46 (6), 755–764.

Ownby, R.L., Wallbrown, F.H., Carmin, C. & Barnett, R. (1991). A canonical analysis of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and the MMPI for an offender population. Journal of Personality Disorders, 5 (1), 15–24.

Ownby, R.L., Wallbrown, F.H., Carmin, C.N. & Barnett, R.W. (1990). A combined factor analysis of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and the MMPI in an offender population. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46 (1), 89–96.

Retzlaff, P., Stoner, J. & Kleinsasser, D. (2002). The use of the MCMI-III in the screening and triage of offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 46 (3), 319–332.

Rossi, G., Hauben, C., Van den Brande, I. & Sloore, H.(2003). Empirical evaluation of the MCMI-III personality disorder scales. Psychological Reports, 92 (2), 627–642.

Thomas-Peter, B.A., Jones, J., Campbell, S. & Oliver, C. (2000). Debasement and faking bad on the Millon Clinical Multi-axial Inventory III: An examination of characteristics, circumstances and motives of forensic patients. Legal & Criminological Psychology, 5 (1), 71–81

Wales, D. (1995). Personality disorder in an outpatient offender population. Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 5 (2), 85–94.

Weekes, J.R., Morison, S.J.; Millson, W. & Fettig, D.M. (1995). A comparison of Native, Metis, and Caucasian offender profiles on the MCMI. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 27 (2), 187–198.

White, R.J., Ackerman, R.J. & Caraveo, L.E. (2001).Self-identified alcohol abusers in a low-security federal prison: Characteristics and treatment implications. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 45 (2) 214–227.

Wierzbicki, M. & Howard, B.J. (1992). The differential responding of male prisoners to subtle and obvious MCMI subscales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58 (1), 115–126.

Zarrella, K.L., Schuerger, J.M. & Ritz, G.H. (1990). Estimation of MCMI DSM-III axis II constructs from MMPI scales and subscales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55 (1–2), 195–201.

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Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI)

Booker, A.L., Hoffschmidt, S.J. & Ash, E. (2001). Personality features and characteristics of violent events committed by juvenile offenders. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 19(1), 81–96.

Caggiano,A.D. (2000). Identifying violent-toward-staff juvenile delinquents via the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory and neuropsychological measures. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 32(1–2), 147–165.

Mattingly, M.L. (2000). The assessment of social skills in a population of male adolescent offenders. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 60(8), 3250

Rexrode, S.L. (1999). An exploration of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised: Classifying male juvenile offenders. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 59(8), 4481

Sacks, L.A. (1998). Adolescent sex offenders: A correlation of homophobia with personality characteristics based upon victim choice. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 58(8), 4528.

Salekin, R.T. (2002). Factor-analysis of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory in a juvenile offender population: Implications for treatment. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 34(3), 15–29.

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Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)

Brodey, B.B., Claypoole, K.H., Motto, J., Arias, R.G. & Goss, R. (2000). Satisfaction of forensic psychiatric patients with remote telepsychiatric evaluation. Psychiatric Services, 51(10), 1305–1307.

Kane, M. & DiBartolo, M. (2002). Complex physical and mental health needs of rural incarcerated women. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23(3), 209–229.

Miller, H.A. & Young, G.R. (1997). Prison segregation: Administrative detention remedy or mental health problem? Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 7(1), 85–94.

Singer, M.I., Bussey, J., Song, L.Y. & Lunghofer, L. (1995). The psychosocial issues of women serving time in jail. Social Work, 40(1), 103–113.

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Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R)

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Sixteen Personality Factor (16PF)

Bailey, C.A. (1994). Gender differences on the 16PF scale with a juvenile forensic population. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 54(10), 5378.

Bharadwaj, R. (1995). Types of prisoners literacy and socio-economic status as correlates of the ego-strength. Journal of Personality & Clinical Studies, 11(1–2), 49.

Cowden, J.E., Pacht, A.R. & Bodemer, O.A. (1970). The 16PF vs. the MCI in a group testing program of reformatory inmates. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26(4), 510–513.

Cubitt, G.H. & Gendreau, P. (1972). Assessing the diagnostic utility of MMPI and 16PF indexes of homosexuality in a prison sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 39(2), 342

Diego Vallejo, R. & Diego Vallejo, J.A. (1990). Antisociability and psychosomatic disorders. Psiquis, 11(3), 11–18.

du Toit, L. & Duckitt, J. (1990). Psychological characteristics of over- and undercontrolled violent offenders. Journal of Psychology, 124(2), 125–141.

Gerstein, L.H. & Briggs, J.R. (1993). Psychological and sociological discriminants of violent and nonviolent serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 14(1), 2–13.

Lind, C.W., Jr. (1972). 16PF screening instrument for alcoholics. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(4), 548–549.

McGurk, B.J., Bolton, N. & Smith, M. (1978). Some psychological, educational and criminological variables related to recidivism in delinquent boys. The British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 17(3), 251–254.

Perkins, M.L. & Reeves, J.E. (1975). The Cattell 16PF as a measure of inmate offense types. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(1), 35–40.

Reuter, E.K. (1989). Comparing 16PF scores for two groups of offenders. Psychological Reports, 64(1), 287–290.

Reuter, E.K., Wallbrown, F.H. & Barnett, R.W. (1988). Examining 16PF scores for male felons in a reception and diagnostic center: Part II. Cross-validating four-point codes. Psychological Reports, 63(1), 283–286.

Seibel, H. & Wallbrown, F.H. (1990). Further evidence concerning motivational distortion on the Sixteen Personality Factor primaries by male felons. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(1–2), 367.

Shoham, S., Askenasy, J. & Rahav, G. (1989). Personality correlates of violent prisoners. Personality & Individual Differences, 10(2), 137–145.

Sinha, K. & Sinha, P. (1988). A study of personality in criminals and noncriminals. Social Science International, 4(1–2), 1.

Tiwari, M. & Singh, G. (1984). A comparative study of personality factors (16PF) of prisoners staying in prison for short time and long time. Asian Journal of Psychology & Education, 13(2–4), 45–48.

Wallbrown, F.H., Reuter, E.K. & Barnett, R.W. (1989). Motivational distortion on 16PF primaries by male felons. Measurement & Evaluation in Counseling & Development, 22(1), 7–14.

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